الامتحان بيركز على اربع مهارات ومقسم لاربع اقسام
Reading-Writing-listening-speaking
Reading-Writing-listening-speaking
لكى تستطيع النجاح فى قسم القراءة اتبع النصائح التالية
The TOEFL® iBT: Improving Your Reading Skills
Advice for Reading
Performance Level: Low
Score Range: 0 – 14
1. Read as much and as often as possible in English.
* Read texts on a variety of topics.
o Read both academic and non-academic materials.
o Read about subjects that interest you and that DON'T interest you.
* Write basic questions to test your understanding of a text.
o Write questions and answers about the first paragraph. Then guess what might be discussed in the next paragraph.
* Use your knowledge of grammar to understand difficult sections of a passage.
o Think carefully about the relationship between independent and dependent clauses.
o Look for words that refer back to some information given in a previous section of the text.
+ Look at pronouns and find the nouns that they refer to
+ Look at relative pronouns (who, that, which, whom, whose) used in adjective clauses (for example, The student whose classmates are taking the TOEFL® test....) and find the nouns they refer to
* Work with a reading partner. Read different newspaper or magazine articles.
o Write questions about the articles you read.
o Exchange articles with your partner and try to answer your partner's questions.
2. Continually expand your vocabulary knowledge.
* It is important to increase your vocabulary on many subjects because you will have to read about various topics at the university.
o Review lists of terms used in academic textbooks.
* Make a plan for studying new words.
o Write a new word on one side of a card and the definition on the back.
+ Write the sentence you saw the word in to help you learn correct usage
+ Study the words often and always mix up the cards
o Group the words by topic or meaning. Study the words as a list of related words.
o Study vocabulary by making a list of opposites (words with different meanings) and synonyms (words with similar meanings)
+ opposites (relevant-irrelevant; abstract-concrete)
+ synonyms (excellent, outstanding, superb)
o Review the new words on a regular basis so that you remember them.
* Expand your vocabulary by analyzing the parts of a word. This will help you understand some unknown words that you see.
o Study roots (a part of a word that other parts are attached to)
+ -spect- (look at)
+ -dict- (say)
o Study prefixes (a part of word attached to the beginning of a word)
+ in- (into)
+ pre- (before)
o Study suffixes (part of a word attached at the end of the word)
+ -tion (inspection)
+ -able (predictable)
o Study word families (the noun, verb, adjective, or adverb forms of related words)
+ enjoyment (noun)
+ enjoy (verb)
+ enjoyable (adjective)
+ enjoyably (adverb)
* Use the context to guess the meaning of unknown words.
o Notice when difficult terms are defined in the text.
o Look for examples with an explanation of the meaning of a word.
o Look at the other words and structures around an unknown word to try to understand it.
* Use resources to help you study vocabulary.
o Use an English-English dictionary to learn correct meaning and word usage.
o Get calendars that teach a new word each day or websites that will send you an e-mail with a new word each day.
o Study the vocabulary you find on university websites that give information about the university and the faculty teaching at the school.
* Practice correct usage by making sentences with new words. This will also help you remember both the meaning and the correct usage of the words.
o Have a teacher check your sentences.
o Review the new words on a regular basis so that you remember them.
3. Study the organization of academic texts and overall structure of a reading passage.
* Read an entire passage from beginning to end.
o Look for the main ideas of the article.
o Look for the supporting details.
+ Pay attention to the relationship between the details and main ideas
* Learn to recognize the different styles of organization that you find in articles in English in order to understand the way an article is structured
o Pay attention to the connecting words/transitions used for specific relationships.
+ steps (first, second, next, finally)
+ reasons (because, since)
+ results (as a result, so, therefore)
+ examples (for example, such as)
+ comparisons (in contrast, on the other hand)
+ restatements of information (in other words, that is)
+ conclusions (in conclusion, in summary)
* Outline a text to test your understanding of the structure of a reading passage.
o Begin by grouping paragraphs that address the same concept.
+ Look for ways that main ideas in one paragraph relate to the main points of the next paragraph
+ Write one sentence summarizing the paragraphs that discuss the same idea
o Look at connections between sentences.
+ Look at how the end of one sentence relates to the beginning of the next sentence
+ Think about the connection between the ideas of the two sentences
+ Combine the sentences using appropriate transitions words to show the relationship between ideas
* Write a summary of the entire passage.
Advice for Reading
Performance Level: Low
Score Range: 0 – 14
1. Read as much and as often as possible in English.
* Read texts on a variety of topics.
o Read both academic and non-academic materials.
o Read about subjects that interest you and that DON'T interest you.
* Write basic questions to test your understanding of a text.
o Write questions and answers about the first paragraph. Then guess what might be discussed in the next paragraph.
* Use your knowledge of grammar to understand difficult sections of a passage.
o Think carefully about the relationship between independent and dependent clauses.
o Look for words that refer back to some information given in a previous section of the text.
+ Look at pronouns and find the nouns that they refer to
+ Look at relative pronouns (who, that, which, whom, whose) used in adjective clauses (for example, The student whose classmates are taking the TOEFL® test....) and find the nouns they refer to
* Work with a reading partner. Read different newspaper or magazine articles.
o Write questions about the articles you read.
o Exchange articles with your partner and try to answer your partner's questions.
2. Continually expand your vocabulary knowledge.
* It is important to increase your vocabulary on many subjects because you will have to read about various topics at the university.
o Review lists of terms used in academic textbooks.
* Make a plan for studying new words.
o Write a new word on one side of a card and the definition on the back.
+ Write the sentence you saw the word in to help you learn correct usage
+ Study the words often and always mix up the cards
o Group the words by topic or meaning. Study the words as a list of related words.
o Study vocabulary by making a list of opposites (words with different meanings) and synonyms (words with similar meanings)
+ opposites (relevant-irrelevant; abstract-concrete)
+ synonyms (excellent, outstanding, superb)
o Review the new words on a regular basis so that you remember them.
* Expand your vocabulary by analyzing the parts of a word. This will help you understand some unknown words that you see.
o Study roots (a part of a word that other parts are attached to)
+ -spect- (look at)
+ -dict- (say)
o Study prefixes (a part of word attached to the beginning of a word)
+ in- (into)
+ pre- (before)
o Study suffixes (part of a word attached at the end of the word)
+ -tion (inspection)
+ -able (predictable)
o Study word families (the noun, verb, adjective, or adverb forms of related words)
+ enjoyment (noun)
+ enjoy (verb)
+ enjoyable (adjective)
+ enjoyably (adverb)
* Use the context to guess the meaning of unknown words.
o Notice when difficult terms are defined in the text.
o Look for examples with an explanation of the meaning of a word.
o Look at the other words and structures around an unknown word to try to understand it.
* Use resources to help you study vocabulary.
o Use an English-English dictionary to learn correct meaning and word usage.
o Get calendars that teach a new word each day or websites that will send you an e-mail with a new word each day.
o Study the vocabulary you find on university websites that give information about the university and the faculty teaching at the school.
* Practice correct usage by making sentences with new words. This will also help you remember both the meaning and the correct usage of the words.
o Have a teacher check your sentences.
o Review the new words on a regular basis so that you remember them.
3. Study the organization of academic texts and overall structure of a reading passage.
* Read an entire passage from beginning to end.
o Look for the main ideas of the article.
o Look for the supporting details.
+ Pay attention to the relationship between the details and main ideas
* Learn to recognize the different styles of organization that you find in articles in English in order to understand the way an article is structured
o Pay attention to the connecting words/transitions used for specific relationships.
+ steps (first, second, next, finally)
+ reasons (because, since)
+ results (as a result, so, therefore)
+ examples (for example, such as)
+ comparisons (in contrast, on the other hand)
+ restatements of information (in other words, that is)
+ conclusions (in conclusion, in summary)
* Outline a text to test your understanding of the structure of a reading passage.
o Begin by grouping paragraphs that address the same concept.
+ Look for ways that main ideas in one paragraph relate to the main points of the next paragraph
+ Write one sentence summarizing the paragraphs that discuss the same idea
o Look at connections between sentences.
+ Look at how the end of one sentence relates to the beginning of the next sentence
+ Think about the connection between the ideas of the two sentences
+ Combine the sentences using appropriate transitions words to show the relationship between ideas
* Write a summary of the entire passage.
No comments:
Post a Comment